Manual Mill & Lathe Calculators and Setup Guides
Not every part runs on a CNC. Many shops still do a lot of work on a manual mill, an engine lathe and a bandsaw, and every CNC machinist still sets up parts by hand. This hub collects the tools and guides for that kind of work.
On the mill, the bolt circle calculator gives X and Y coordinates for every hole, and the incremental tool gives the move from one hole to the next for a DRO or handwheel. The dividing head calculator works out crank turns and hole circles for the number of divisions you need.
On the lathe, plan the depth of each pass when single-point threading, set the compound for a taper, predict surface finish from nose radius and feed, and size O-ring grooves. The collet torque tool helps you tighten ER collet nuts correctly, which keeps runout low and stops tools from slipping.
Before cutting, size the raw stock with allowance for cleanup and facing, convert units, find feeds and speeds, and pick the right blade and speed for the bandsaw.
The guides cover setup skills that save time every day: edge finders, 1-2-3 blocks, collets, workholding beyond the vise, indexing without a fourth axis, internal threading and getting long stringy chips under control on the lathe.
Check every setup with an indicator before you trust it, and keep your hands clear of the chuck and the cutter.
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Calculators
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Manual mill and indexing
Bolt Circle Calc
Generate exact X and Y coordinates for any bolt circle or hole pattern.
Open Calculator: Bolt Circle CalcIncremental PCD
Generate step-by-step incremental X/Y handwheel moves for manual milling hole patterns.
Open Calculator: Incremental PCDDividing Head Calc
Calculate index plate holes and full turns for manual dividing heads and rotary tables.
Open Calculator: Dividing Head CalcLathe and turning
Lathe Threading Pass
Calculate depths and passes for CNC lathe threading (G76 / G92).
Open Calculator: Lathe Threading PassTaper Calculator
Calculate taper angles, diameters, and lengths for lathe turning and inspection.
Open Calculator: Taper CalculatorSurface Finish Predictor
Predict the Ra surface finish of a turned part based on tool nose radius and feed rate.
Open Calculator: Surface Finish PredictorO-Ring Groove Calc
Generate standard gland dimensions (depth, width, radius) for static and dynamic O-ring applications.
Open Calculator: O-Ring Groove CalcCollet Torque
Ensure optimal T.I.R. (Runout) by using correct torque values for ER11 through ER40 collet nuts.
Open Calculator: Collet TorqueSpeeds & Feeds
Calculate RPM and Feed Rate for various materials and tool diameters.
Open Calculator: Speeds & FeedsStock, saw and shop math
Raw Material Sizer
Calculate minimum billet sizes by adding facing and workholding grip allowances.
Open Calculator: Raw Material SizerBandsaw Optimizer
Optimize bandsaw speeds and tooth pitch based on material thickness and type.
Open Calculator: Bandsaw OptimizerUnit Converter
Quickly convert between Imperial and Metric units for length, weight, volume, and temp.
Open Calculator: Unit ConverterGuides
Edge Finder & Wiggler Guide
Techniques for finding part zero accurately with mechanical, electronic, and audible edge finders.
1-2-3 Blocks Setup Guide
Essential shop practices for precision setups, squaring parts, and workholding using 1-2-3 blocks.
Workholding 101 Beyond the Vise
Soft jaws, toe clamps, Mitee-Bites, and advanced fixturing techniques for odd shapes.
Mastering the Collet
ER, TG, and DA collet systems, correct snap-in assembly, torque ratings, and eliminating runout.
Indexing Without a 4th Axis
Creative workholding and shop math for machining multi-sided parts on a 3-axis mill.
Internal Threading Guide
Tips and tricks for single-point ID threading on the CNC lathe without chatter.
Defeating Stringy Swarf
How to manipulate insert geometries and feedrates to break chips on the lathe.
Machining Ductile Materials
Strategies for chip control and preventing built-up edge in gummy, ductile materials.
Sine Bar & Angle Setup
Trigonometric stack calculations and precision angle setups using gauge blocks and sine plates.
Reference charts
Frequently asked questions
- How do I calculate bolt circle hole positions?
- For each hole, X = R × cos(angle) and Y = R × sin(angle), where R is the bolt circle radius and the angle is the start angle plus the hole number × 360° ÷ the number of holes. The Bolt Circle calculator lists every hole for you.
- How does a dividing head work?
- Most dividing heads have a 40:1 worm ratio, so 40 turns of the crank make one turn of the spindle. For N divisions you turn the crank 40 ÷ N turns, using a hole circle on the index plate for any part turn.
- How do I feed in when single-point threading?
- Many machinists set the compound at 29 or 29.5 degrees and feed with the compound, so the tool cuts mostly on one flank. The Lathe Threading Pass calculator splits the total depth into passes that get lighter as the thread gets deeper.
- How tight should an ER collet nut be?
- It depends on the collet size. Too loose and the tool can slip; too tight and you can damage the collet or nut. The Collet Torque tool lists the recommended nut torque for common ER sizes.